20考研睡前记忆2014年T4第一段“TheHeartoftheMatter,”thejust-releasedreportbytheAmericanAcademyofArtsandSciences(AAAS),de。
2014年T4
第一段
“The Heart of the Matter,” the just-released report by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS), deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities and social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in America. Regrettably, however, the report's failure to address the true nature of the crisis facing liberal education may cause more harm than good.
36. According to Paragraph 1, what is the author’s attitude toward the AAAS’s report?
[A] Critical
[B] Appreciative
[C] Contemptuous
[D] Tolerant
单词&词组搭配
- just-released（合成词）adj.刚发布的
- affirm [əˈfɜːrm]（出现4次）v.断言，证实
- Regrettably [rɪˈɡretəbli] adv.令人遗憾的是
- address（出现20次）[僻义] 致力于，解决
- nature（常见词）[僻义] n.实质，本质
- the humanities and social sciences（人文社会学科）
- more A than B（强调的A而非B）
- contemptuous [kənˈtemptʃuəs] adj.鄙视的
本段翻译
美国人文与科学院刚发布的报告《问题的核心》值得赞扬，因为它肯定了人文与社会科学对美国自由民主体制安全和繁荣的重要性。然而，令人遗憾的是，该报告未能指出人文教育所面临危机的实质，其结果可能是弊大于利。
第二段
In 2010, leading congressional Democrats and Republicans sent letters to the AAAS asking that it identify actions that could be taken by "federal, state and local governments, universities, foundations, educators, individual benefactors and others" to "maintain national excellence in humanities and social scientific scholarship and education."In response, the American Academy formed the Commission on the Humanities and Social Sciences. Among the commission's 51 members are top-tier-university presidents, scholars, lawyers, judges, and business executives, as well as prominent figures fromdiplomacy, filmmaking, music and journalism.
37. Influential figures in the Congress required that the AAAS report on how to _____.
[A] safeguard individuals’ rights to education
[B] define the government’s role in education
[C] retain people’s interest in liberal education
[D] keep a leading position in liberal education
题干中的require that=文中的ask that
单词&搭配
- excellence [ˈeksələns] n.卓越
- benefactor（14T3刚遇到）n.捐助者
- top-tier-university（合成词）n.顶尖大学
- foundation [faʊnˈdeɪʃn] （出现7次）n.地基，基础，基金会
- prominent [ˈprɑːmɪnənt]（出现2次）adj.突出的，杰出的
- figure（出现17次）n.数字，人物；v.计算，预算
- diplomacy [dɪˈploʊməsi] n.外交，手段
- Democrats and Republicans（民主党和共和党）
- take action（采取行动）
- influential [ˌɪnfluˈenʃl]（出现17次）adj.有影响的，重要的
- right（常见词）[僻义] n.权利
- safeguard [ˈseɪfɡɑːrd]（出现1次）v.保护，保卫；n.安全措施（舒肤佳的英文就是这个）
- liberal [ˈlɪbərəl]（出现8次）adj.开明的，自由的，自由党的；[僻义] adj.人文的
本段翻译
2010年，国会民主党及共和党要员向美国人文与科学院致函，要求其界定出能够被“联邦/州/地方政府、大学、基金会、教育工作者、私人捐助者等”采取的行动，以“维护国家在人文与社会科学学术研究及教育领域的卓越地位”。作为回应，美国人文科学院成立了人文与社会科学委员会。该委员会的51位成员中，有顶尖的大学校长，学者，律师，法官，和企业高管，以及来自外交、电影制作、音乐和新闻界的杰出人物。
第三段
The goals identified in the report are generally admirable. Because representative government presupposes an informedcitizenry, the report supports full literacy; stressesthe study of history and government, particularly American history and American government; and encourages the use of new digital technologies. To encourage innovation and competition, the report calls for increased investment in research, thecrafting of coherent curricula that improve students' ability to solve problems and communicate effectively in the 21st century, increased funding for teachers and the encouragement of scholars to bring their learning to bear on the great challenges of the day. The report also advocates greater study of foreign languages, international affairsand the expansion of study abroad programs.
38. According to Paragraph 3, the report suggests _____.
[A] an exclusive study of American history
[B] a greater emphasis on theoretical subjects
[C] the application of emerging technologies
[D] funding for the study of foreign languages
单词&词组
- admirable [ˈædmərəbl] adj.可钦佩的，可贵的（admire敬佩）
- presuppose [ˌpriːsəˈpoʊz] v.（pre-前缀，在..先）v.预设
- informed [ɪnˈfɔːrmd] adj.见多识广的（inform了解）
- citizenry [ˈsɪtɪzənri] n.市民
- stress [stres]（出现25次）n.压力；v.强调
- craft（出现6次）n.工艺，手艺；v.精心制作
- coherent [koʊˈhɪrənt]（出现2次）adj.合乎逻辑的，清晰易懂的，连贯的
- curricula [kəˈrɪkjələ] n.全部课程
- fund（常见词）n.基金；v.为...提供资金
- bear（出现16次）n.熊；[僻义] v.应对，负担
- full literacy（全名教育）
- call for（呼吁）
- international affairs（国际事务）
- study abroad(留学)
- exclusive [ɪkˈskluːsɪv] adj.独占的，专用的，排他的；n.独家新闻；[僻义] adj.高档的
- emerging technologies（新兴技术）
- emphasis on（强调）
本段翻译
不幸的是，虽历时两年半才拟定完成，《问题的核心》并未触及问题的核心：我们顶级高等院校中人文教育“非人文”的本质。人文与社会科学委员会忽视了这样一个事实：几十年来，美国高等院校培养出来的毕业生并不知道人文教育的内涵和特征，因此也无法从中受益。令人痛心的是，一度在校园里盛行的探索精神已经被“将人文和社会科学用作宣传'革新的'或者说左翼自由思想的工具”取代。
第四段
Unfortunately, despite 2½ years in the making, "The Heart of the Matter" never gets to the heart of the matter: the illiberal nature of liberal education at our leading colleges and universities. The commission ignores that for several decades America's colleges and universities have produced graduates who don't know the content and character of liberal education and are thus deprived of its benefits. Sadly, the spirit of inquiry once at homeon campus has been replaced by the use of the humanities and social sciences as vehicles for publicizing "progressive," or left-liberal propaganda.
单词&词组
- illiberal [ɪˈlɪbərəl] adj.非人文的
- deprive [dɪˈpraɪv]（出现7次）v.剥夺
- inquiry [ˈɪnkwəri] n.质询，调查
- publicize [ˈpʌblɪsaɪz] v.推广，宣传
- progressive [prəˈɡresɪv] adj.进步的
- propaganda [ˌprɑːpəˈɡændə] n.宣传
- in the making（在成长中;，在形成中）
- be deprived of（剥夺）
- at home（无拘束，运用自如）
本段翻译
正如《自然》曾指出的，人们在科学奖项——无论新旧——如何分配的问题上有些顾虑是合理的。今年推出的“生命科学突破奖”对生命科学这一学科的内涵认定就不具代表性。但是诺贝尔基金会的限定——每个奖项获奖人数不超三人，且必须都在世——早就因为现代研究的协作性质而不再适用了，这一点会在确认希格斯玻色粒子的发现时得到证明，因为届时必然会出现关于“哪位遭到忽视”的争论。当然，诺贝尔奖本身也是由非常富有的个人设立，由他决定想用自己的钱做什么。（不过）赋予诺贝尔奖正统地位的是时间，而非动机。
第五段
Today, professors routinely treat the progressive interpretation of history and progressive public policy as the proper subject of study while portraying conservative or classical liberal ideas—such as free markets or self-reliance —as falling outside the boundaries of routine, and sometimes legitimate, intellectual investigation.
39. The author implies in Paragraph 5 that professors are _____.
[A] supportive of free markets
[B] biased against classical liberal ideas
[C] cautious about intellectual investigation
[D] conservative about public policy
单词&词组
- routinely [ruːˈtiːnli] adv.例行公事地，惯常地
- portray [pɔːrˈtreɪ] （出现1次）v.描绘，描述
- self-reliance（自力更生）
- investigation [ɪnˌvestɪˈɡeɪʃn]（出现5次）n.调查，研究
- biased [ˈbaɪəst] v.使偏见
- liberal ideas（人文思想）
本段翻译
现在，教授们通常将对历史的革新性解读以及革新性公共政策视为合适的研究课题，而将传统或古典人文思想——如自由市场和自力更生——描述为超出常规界限，有时甚至被描绘为超出正当的学术研究范畴。
第六段
The AAAS displays great enthusiasm for liberal education. Yet its report may wellset backreform by obscuring the depth and breadth of the challenge that Congress asked it toilluminate.
40. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
[A] Illiberal Education and “The Heart of the Matter”
[B] The AAAS’s Contribution to Liberal Education
[C] Ways to grasp “The Heart of the Matter”
[D] Progressive Policy vs. Liberal Education
单词&词组
- display（出现8次）v.陈列，展示；n.显示器
- obscure [əbˈskjʊr]（出现7次）v.使模糊，使费解；adj.不明朗的；[僻义] adj.鲜为人知的
- may well（可能）
- set back（阻碍）
- illuminate [ɪˈluːmɪneɪt]（出现1次）v.照亮，阐明，解释
- grasp（出现4次）v.抓住；[僻义]v.掌握，领会
本段翻译
美国人文与科学院虽然对人文教育表现出极大的热情，但其报告由于掩盖了国会要求它阐明的挑战的深度和广度，极有可能阻碍改革。
本文来自给力考研资料
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